Economic journal of Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University

PRODUCTION OF QUALITY PRODUCTS AS THE BASIS OF ENSURING COMPETITIVENESS OF THE ENTERPRISE

Oksana Koshchii — 2023-02-06

The article explore the problems of ensuring the competitiveness of domestic enterprises. The purpose of the article is to develop recommendations for improving the quality of products as a basis for ensuring the competitiveness of domestic enterprises on the world market.

Levels of competitiveness are given: product competitiveness, enterprise competitiveness, industry competitiveness, country competitiveness. The interdependence of different levels of competitiveness among themselves is substantiated. The competitiveness of the enterprise depends on the competitiveness of the products it manufactures. The competitiveness of the industry depends on the competitiveness of the enterprises operating in it. The competitiveness of the country depends on the competitiveness of the branches of its national economy. The low competitiveness of domestic enterprises provokes a low level of competitiveness of the national economy. In turn, the low competitiveness of domestic enterprises is caused by the low competitiveness of the products they manufacture, and the latter by their low quality.

The low quality of products is caused by the moral and physical wear and tear of the fixed assets of domestic enterprises, the use of outdated technologies, the lack of sufficient financial resources, improper management of product quality, and the insufficient level of motivation of employees to produce high-quality products. It was concluded that updating the technical and technological base of domestic enterprises will contribute to the growth of quality and competitiveness of products. An important role in improving the quality and competitiveness of the products of domestic enterprises can be played by the introduction of the concept of general quality management, which is oriented towards the management of the enterprise, which involves not only the management of product quality, but also the quality of work in general with the active involvement of all personnel. At the core of the TQM concept is the development, maintenance and continuous improvement of quality to meet customer needs. This, in turn, will lead to an increase in the competitiveness of domestic enterprises and the efficiency of their functioning on the market.

COMMERCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN UKRAINE BEFORE AND DURING THE WAR: A COMPARATIVE ASPECT

Alla Lialiuk — 2023-02-06

The role of trade entrepreneurship in our time is considered in the article. The most famous representatives of trade entrepreneurship are identified. The development of trade entrepreneurship in Ukraine before the beginning of the full-scale invasion of Russia into Ukraine is studied. The main trends in the development of trade entrepreneurship in the world are shown. These trends are driven by three key factors: the growing role of online, value for money, and changing consumer lifestyles. Factors influencing changes in trade entrepreneurship during the war have been identified. It was noted that the closure or destruction of shops and warehouses in the areas of hostilities, the loss of control over objects in the occupied territories led to the losses of merchants and traders already exceeding 50 billion hryvnias. This, in particular, takes into account the losses of only the largest network companies. Therefore, the real number of direct losses will be much higher." Proposed ways to overcome negative phenomena in trade entrepreneurship caused by military aggression Examples of the activity of trading companies are described according to such criteria as the state of the trade network, prices, assortment, logistics, buyers, personnel, social component, etc. It was concluded that despite the significant losses of retail trade as a result of the destruction of the trade network and the disruption of supply chains, a tendency to improve the situation has already emerged, thus confirming the resilience of trade entrepreneurship to extreme conditions of existence, among which military aggression is the most difficult. In particular, state-owned companies helped Ukrainian retail to develop new supply chains. Sellers are trying to diversify supplies, looking for alternatives to scarce goods among imports and new producers in Ukraine There is an expansion of stores in the "around the house" format.

THE ROLE OF SERVICE COMPANIES IN REALIZING THE DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL OF THE ECONOMY OF UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF WAR AND POST-WAR RECOVERY

Valentyna Stadnyk — 2023-02-06

The article updates the problem of maintaining the ability of the economic system of Ukraine to ensure the reproduction of economic processes during the war and to create conditions for the recovery of the economy in the post-war period. In the context of the stated problem, it is suggested that during the period of restoration of the destroyed production systems of big business, an important place in the processes of creating a positive economic result should be occupied by small and medium-sized businesses – thanks to their ability to quickly respond to external threats and find ways to meet public needs even in extreme conditions.

In order to confirm the author's position, the structure of the entrepreneurial sector of the Ukrainian economy was analyzed in terms of the number of participants and the results of their activities in the pre-war period. Among them, service enterprises are singled out, with the selection of those that shape the quality of life of the population and are mainly of an individualized nature (household services, education, medicine, sports, physical rehabilitation, entertainment, tourism, food, etc.) and those that form the service infrastructure of the economy, serving production sectors. The conditions and results of the activity of individual groups of service enterprises from the positions of their tasks in the structure of the national economy and in the global economic space have been studied. With the application of methods of economic and statistical analysis, the share and contribution of entrepreneurs-individuals in the overall results of economic activity was highlighted, and conclusions were drawn using the methods of logical generalization about the conditions and opportunities of service enterprises to increase the development potential and strengthen the competitive positions of domestic industrial producers on the world market in the conditions of war and postwar period.

It is noted that in order to increase these opportunities in the current state of the economy of Ukraine, a rethinking of the relationship between the state and business is necessary. The state should become an institution responsible for progress, purposefully increasing opportunities for the development of entrepreneurship as a driving force of progress. On the basis of the author's vision of the main advantages and weak points of entrepreneurship in its small forms, the possibilities of mutual reinforcement of the effectiveness of the interaction of the state and the entrepreneurial environment and the place in these processes of service enterprises are shown. The need for institutional support for the development of service enterprises capable of increasing the consumer value of the products of industrial producers is emphasized.

DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN UKRAINE UNDER MARTIAL LAW

Sofiia Tesliuk — 2023-02-06

There are many social problems in Ukraine, the number of which has only increased with the advent of war. Even after the end of hostilities, the number of victims will grow for a certain period, and jobs will become less. Unfortunately, the state, due to the difficult economic situation, will not be able to solve all the problems of socially vulnerable people. Therefore, it is necessary to look for new innovative approaches to solving acute social problems in order to avoid social crisis in Ukrainian society in the future. Social entrepreneurship is developing to some extent as a response to the current difficult economic situation. The use of business approaches in the social sphere is widespread in the world, in addition, it can become one of the main tools of social policy, removing a certain burden from it.

The purpose of this research is to study the existing potential for the functioning and development of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine under martial law as a tool for solving existing social problems.

The article investigates the development of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine, in particular, under martial law.

The paper presents theoretical approaches to the definition of "social entrepreneurship", in particular, the most commonly used approaches: general, innovative, problem-oriented and mixed. A more complete interpretation of this category is proposed, covering each of the listed approaches.

The main differences between social entrepreneurship and traditional business and charitable organization are presented. It is noted that today in Ukraine social entrepreneurship is not yet recognized in the legal field, but it functions quite successfully. The regional unevenness of the location of social enterprises is shown.

The characteristic features of social entrepreneurship are highlighted and own criteria for defining social enterprises are proposed.

The activities of social enterprises contribute to solving the problems of vulnerable segments of society, in particular their employment and social adaptation, this activity has a positive impact on the economic development of our country. Despite the existing support and opportunities for the development and functioning of social business in Ukraine, social entrepreneurship requires the creation of a legal framework that would clearly distinguish the activities of social enterprises from any other organizations and regulate their activities.

METHODOLOGICAL BASIS FOR THE FORMATION OF PRIORITIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COX-CHEMICAL INDUSTRY OF UKRAINE WITH THE APPLICATION COGNITIVE TECHNOLOGIES

Olga Popova — 2023-02-06

Introduction. The article states that the domestic coke industry is of strategic importance for the economy. But today it works in difficult conditions and faces significant problems, which affects the reduction of production. Effective activity of the industry is possible only under the conditions of a systemic vision of its development, which involves the formation of appropriate priorities that take into account modern challenges, as well as weak controllability, uncertainty and variability of the external environment. This specificity limits the use of classical economic and mathematical methods and models.

The purpose of the article is to develop a methodical approach to the formation of strategic priorities for the development of the coke-chemical industry of Ukraine using cognitive modeling methods.

Results. The paper proves the effectiveness of cognitive modeling and the related scenario, which is due to the possibility of directing the activity of complex objects in poorly structured problem situations that arise during the functioning of enterprises in the industry. A methodical approach to justifying the development priorities of the domestic coke industry based on the application of cognitive technologies is proposed. It is based on scenario modeling using cognitive maps. Implementation of a set of analytical and calculation actions is foreseen. Among its main stages, the following are distinguished: analysis of regulatory influence factors, the strength of the connection between them, identification of trends that can affect the work of the coke chemical industry; construction of a cognitive model of factors of regulatory influence on the activity of the industry (a cognitive map in the form of an indicative graph); implementation of scenario modeling and formation of industry development scenarios and forecasts that take into account the dynamics of processes over time.

Conclusiоns. This methodological approach is aimed at obtaining results that should form the basis for adjusting the strategic priorities of the development of the coke-chemical industry of Ukraine.

LABOR MARKET IN UKRAINE: CURRENT STATE AND WAYS OF STABILIZATION

Nadiia Buniak — 2023-02-06

Introduction. The labor market is an important component of the country’s economic system, a kind of indicator of its state, as well as a reflection of the level of social development. Military actions on the territory of Ukraine, changes in the socio-economic situation necessary the development of a system of effective measures to stabilize the labor market in modern realities.

The purpose of the article. The article aims is to research the current state of the labor market in Ukraine and to substantiate the ways of its stabilization.

Results. General trends in the development of the domestic labor market in the pre-war period are determined. The main indicators characterizing the current state of the labor market are analyzed. The trends of their change during January-November 2022 are determined. Government initiatives that contributed to increasing the flexibility of the labor market, stimulating employment, and optimizing labor relations are considered. Two trends characteristic of the modern labor market are identified. In particular, the appearance of new vacancies in the western regions of Ukraine, which is the result of the relocation of business from the southern and eastern parts of the country and the increase in the number of unemployed in the front-line territories, as well as those where active hostilities are taking place. Possible ways of stabilizing the domestic labor market during martial law are substantiated. It is proposed to focus efforts on three areas: creation of favorable conditions for conducting business activities; ensuring the employment of the population and guaranteeing the appropriate level of wages; stabilization of the social and humanitarian situation and prevention of exacerbation of social tension in society.

Conclusions. Today, the labor market of Ukraine are characterized by significant deformation, lack of parity between demand and supply, and a drop in the level of income of the population. Its stabilization is an extremely important task, given the emergence of various population groups affected by the armed conflict. In current realities, state regulation of the labor market is an important prerequisite for expanding employment opportunities and raising the standard of living standards of the population.

ASSESSMENT OF MATERIAL AND LIVING CONDITIONS OF THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN SLOVAKIA

Jana Peliova — 2023-02-06

An important task of social policy in the EU countries is to overcome poverty, reduce risk social groups due to effective social, economic, psychological help and support, providing decent living conditions, etc. Material and living conditions are one of the most important factors in determining the indicators of the population's standard of living. Poor material and living conditions, stratification of the population by income level and quality of life, lack of adequate social assistance to families with low-income levels, families with several children, families with dependent children with disabilities, leads to various social conflicts and aggravation of social tension in society.

In the work, an analysis was carried out on the example of two separate indicators of the material and living conditions of the whole population of Slovakia for the period of 2005-2020. Selected time series models were used to provide forecast values for the period of 2022-2023.

The developed models will allow to provide more reasonable analysis of the effectiveness of social programs and to improve the material and living conditions of the population of Slovakia, to identify target groups of the population that need more support and social assistance.

EVALUATION OF THE LEVEL OF INDUSTRY CONCENTRATION IN REGIONS OF UKRAINE

Anna Kernytska — 2023-02-06

The article focuses on the fact that the driver of the socio-economic upliftment of the country is the activation of business processes in the industrial sector of the regional economy. It was noted that the existing industrial policy needs improvement and the formation of such directions of development that will consider new challenges of a global and national nature, including the spread of digitalization in all spheres of social life. In this connection, the need to assess the current level of regional concentration of industry has been updated. The peculiarities of the development of the industrial sector in the economy of the regions of Ukraine are determined based on the calculation of the localization (concentration) coefficient as the ratio of the concentration of a specific type of industrial activity (industry) in a separate region to its national value. Groups of regions are distinguished depending on the obtained values of the localization (concentration) coefficient: regions with a high, medium, and low concentration of industrial activity (industry). It was determined that during 2014-2020, the dynamics of changes in the share of gross added value of the industry in the structure of gross added value of the economy of Ukraine had a general downward trend due to a decrease in the share of gross added value of all types of industrial activity. The role of the industrial sector in the production of gross added value of regional economies has been reduced. It was established that in the analyzed period, the number of regions with a high concentration of the industrial sector in the economy decreased by 1.3 times. More than half of all regions of the country had a level of industrial sector concentration lower than the national average. It was recorded that Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk, Zaporizhzhya, Ivano-Frankivsk and Kharkiv regions maintained a consistently high level of concentration of the industrial sector. It was concluded that the current level of development of the country is characterized by regional disproportions in the production of gross added value of types of industrial activity and industry. It was noted that improving the business process management mechanism in the industrial sector of the regional economy requires a mutually beneficial partnership between representatives of business, authorities, scientific and technical institutions, and the public.

FEATURES OF THE ANALYSIS OF THE FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE ENTERPRISE IN MARTIAL LAW

Svitlana Begun — 2023-02-06

Introduction. An important characteristic of the production and financial activities of enterprises is the financial condition, the formation of which is influenced by both production and financial and economic activities. The financial condition of the enterprise directly affects its ability to compete in the market environment, its ability to cooperate with business partners. Therefore, the financial condition of the enterprise is an important characteristic of both internal and external environment.

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the theoretical aspects of financial analysis for diagnosing and formulating recommendations for strengthening the financial condition of the enterprise in modern conditions.

Results. The concept of financial condition is complex and complex, characterizing various spheres of enterprise activity. In the scientific environment there are different approaches to its definition, its main criteria are financial stability, solvency, profitability, optimal distribution of profits, etc. Assessment of the financial condition of the enterprise, as an important component in the process of enterprise management, should be carried out on an ongoing basis using traditional methods of analysis: vertical, horizontal and coefficient, which have advantages and disadvantages. The main method is the coefficient method, which includes a set of indicators in five areas of analysis - property status, financial stability, liquidity, business activity, financial results and profitability. All these indicators have peculiarities of interpretation and compliance with the standards under martial law.

Conclusions. The hostilities during 2022 put many enterprises on the brink of existence, the need to find answers to new challenges and quickly solve them, primarily related to the preservation of personnel and ensuring their safety, the preservation of property and facilities, the establishment of new logistics routes and transportation of products, the search for new customers or orders, etc.

DIGITALIZATION OF ACCOUNTING IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF BUSINESS

Anatoliy Shvorak — 2023-02-06

Digital technologies have changed society and continue to influence almost all business functions and industries. Governments and businesses across all forms of ownership are increasingly relying on digital technologies to capture and use data for financial and other purposes. Companies are developing strategies to digitize their business operations, especially in the accounting department. Accounting is a complex, multifaceted process that involves many single-entry operations, multiple repetition of the same computational actions, as well as preparation of various documents and reports. The use of information technology makes it possible to replace manual work with automated work, while using the work of accountants more as analysts and controllers.

The use of "cloud" technologies in accounting is quite effective. With the help of "cloud" technologies, all tasks of traditional accounting can be performed, namely, financial, management, and tax accounting, and tax accounting, as well as to prepare statistical reports, generate primary accounting documentation, and calculate taxes.

Digital technologies facilitate environmental innovations that contribute to sustainable development by reducing environmental impacts and optimizing resource utilization. As these technologies evolve and converge with biotechnology and natural science, they can generate extraordinary innovations that will contribute to a sustainable future.

Disclosure of environmental accounting information is key to reporting. In particular, the obligation to report to stakeholders (e.g., consumers, business partners, investors, employees) when using the resources of the current environment raises the status of the company to a higher level of mutual trust in society.

ORGANIZATION OF ADMINISTRATIVE ACCOUNTING OF COSTS FOR GROWING CROP PRODUCTS: THE ASPECT OF PROFESSIONAL JUDGMENT

Iryna Sadovska — 2023-02-06

Abstract. Modern realities of conducting agribusiness require a review of the methodology and organization of accounting for the costs of growing plant products. Traditional methods of accounting organization, which were adapted to a stable taxation system and uniform approaches to a set of expenditure items recommended by methodical recommendations for the agricultural industry, can today be considered as a genesis. Special adjustments to the organization of cost accounting are made under the conditions of martial law. This applies to economic subjects of agribusiness located in temporarily occupied territories, in territories liberated from occupation, in those located near hostilities, and those located in the free territories of our country. The special conditions of the martial law caused the redistribution of costs related to energy carriers, human resources, technical support of technological processes, crop insurance processes, the formation of transfer prices and the reflection in accounting of other specific costs and losses. The methods of accounting organization proposed in the article relate to the clarification of the provisions of the accounting policy regarding the list of cost items, the distribution of general production costs, the closing of the accounts of auxiliary productions and the determination of the full cost of crop production for the purposes of management accounting. The results of the study are relevant for agribusiness in view of the influence of the organization of plant production cost accounting on the formation of indicators of current activity, and indicators as a result of the process of selling these products. Indicators that are basic in the process of making managerial decisions will depend on the chosen method of organization of cost accounting.

The accountant's professional judgment has a significant impact on the choice of cost accounting methodology. Our own approach to the stages of development of the cost accounting methodology is based precisely on professional judgment as a priority in the preparation and justification of the information source for making management decisions. From cost accounting as a basis for calculating the cost of production to cost management taking into account the paradigm of sustainable development and institutional economics. All stages strengthened the role of professional judgment in the preparation of accounting information and the formation of accounting policy. The publication also considers the development of the theory of professional judgment in the context of interdisciplinary communication, in particular, economics, management, psychology.

The global principles of management accounting are designed to unify integral thinking to strengthen the performance management system. In our opinion, standardization and unification are not priorities for management accounting methodology. Global principles can serve as certain recommendations for companies seeking development. This will be relevant for our domestic enterprises and organizations, which are already working on the development of strategies for the development of the country in the post-war period.

FEATURES OF INTANGIBLE MOTIVATION OF ORGANIZATION STAFF

Vitalii Reikin — 2023-02-06

The article is devoted to investigation of intangible motivation of the company's personnel. Methods of non-material motivation in modern conditions are considered. At the same time, the author considers material motivation to be a necessary but insufficient condition for the development of enterprises and organizations. The essence of the concepts "motivation", "motive" and "stimulation" of labor activity is given. From the author's point of view, the possibility of achieving success should be considered a priority motivator. The conditions for effective staff motivation are clarified. The main motives of work and methods of non-material motivation are revealed. The process of "demotivation" is characterized, a list of demotivational factors that directly affect the quality of staff work is given. The main theoretical and methodological principles of personnel motivation at the enterprise are considered. The contribution of the theory of emotional motivation as a type of behavioral economics, which is not based on a rational research paradigm, is indicated. Emphasis is placed on the priority role of intangible motivation and the features of its application in the activities of enterprises and organizations. The main types and tools of non-material motivation of personnel in today's conditions are defined. Differences between material and non-material motivation are revealed. Recommendations for the formation of a personnel motivation system at the enterprise are given. It is noted that the practice of motivating personnel of modern organizations is a complex phenomenon which is complexly hierarchically organized. It is proven that in each situation it is necessary to apply an individual approach; at the same time, motivation for the development of modern personnel should be systematic, consistent and comprehensive. At the same time, it is important to have a fair and logical system for every organization. The motivation system should cover all hierarchical levels for different positions, have uniform principles of construction, supporting the organization's strategy and goals.

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF THE FORMATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF LOCAL BUDGETS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF MARITAL LAW

Nataliia Prots — 2023-02-06

The relevance of this article lies in the fact that central authorities are adopting a number of operational and rapid changes in legislation, as a result of which local self-government bodies have faced difficult challenges associated with unforeseen events. And now there is a need for rational formation, distribution and use of funds from local budgets for the primary needs and consequences of the war.

The purpose of this article is to study the peculiarities of the formation and implementation of local budgets under martial law based on the analysis of changes in legislation related to the distribution of local finances during the war in Ukraine.

Consideration of the peculiarities of the formation and execution of local budgets during the war period was carried out on the basis of methods of analysis and synthesis. On the basis of the abstract-logical method, a generalization was made and the main measures to improve the formation and execution of local budgets were proposed. To assess the level of filling of local budgets and their expenditures in war and pre-war times, the economic-statistical method and the comparison method were used. The graphic method makes it possible to visually present the data on the basis of which the analysis of income and expenditure of local budgets is carried out. The revenues and expenditures of local budgets for the period January-September 2022 were analyzed. The growth of the share of local budgets in the revenues of the consolidated budget for the period of 2017-9 months of 2022 was revealed. The structure of local budgets' revenues during the 9 months of 2022 was analyzed, as a result of which it was found that the largest specific weight is occupied by personal income tax. Measures was proposed to improve the formation and implementation of local budgets, namely, to create recovery funds in the budgets and to increase the reserve fund for the reconstruction of territories that suffered during the war, to provide new jobs for potential taxpayers; ensure employment of internally displaced persons, etc.

The results of the analysis of the formation and use of funds of local budgets during 9 months of 2022 during martial law testify to the effectiveness of the measures applied by local self-government bodies. The practical value of this article lies in the fact that, based on the analysis, measures are proposed to improve the formation and use of funds from local budgets under martial law.

CRISIS AS A FORM OF MANIFESTATION OF FINANCIAL INSTABILITY: ESSENCE AND CONSEQUENCES FOR LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Halyna Voznyak — 2023-02-06

The war in Ukraine, the consequences of the pandemic, and record inflation provoked an unprecedented economic, social and humanitarian crisis, which in turn increased financial instability and reduced the stability of socio-economic systems at various levels. Newly formed communities faced a new reality and challenges for further progress, which indicates the inevitability of a new large-scale economic crisis. In this sense, the issues of leveling the manifestations of the crisis, working out mechanisms to minimize its negative consequences or taking preventive or corrective measures to ensure the financial stability of territorial communities were brought up to date.

The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence of crisis phenomena and financial instability, to substantiate the peculiarities of their manifestation at the local level.

In the article, a retrospective analysis of research on crisis phenomena is carried out, the essence of the crisis and related concepts such as "economic and financial crisis" is revealed, their interrelationship and interdependence are argued. The causes of crises are singled out. The problematic aspects of the crisis caused by the pandemic and the war are emphasized. The consequences of the crisis for local economic development are determined. It is shown that dynamic changes in all spheres of life of territorial communities require immediate appropriate strategic and tactical decisions. It was emphasized that the crisis situation that has developed in Ukraine and communities is extremely difficult, unpredictable and difficult to manage, it is timely to develop approaches, measures, tools to improve the directions of the formation and implementation of financial policy and the development of anti-crisis tools for local economic development. Alleviation of financial instability cannot be achieved by budgetary/monetary or fiscal policy measures or instruments alone, their coordination and coherence is required.